Archive for Accounting Training
November 19, 2008 at 5:19 am · Filed under Accounting Training
India is becoming a lucrative destination for accounting services for foreign airlines, banking and finance companies. The profession in computer accounting is booming up and becoming more career-oriented to provide the students a new horizon of opportunities in accounting sector. The changing scenario of economy have forced organizations to take the services of Accountants/Finance professionals.
Delhi has witnessed a rapid growth in trade and industry over the past few years. There are immense scopes for career development in the accounting profession. Institutes such as Institutes of Chartered Accountants(ICA) and National Institute of Finance and Accounts(NIFA) are providing world class accounts training to students to become professional accountants. An individual after the completion of the course may look for opportunities in public and private sectors.
http://www.bizedia.com/blog/articles/career-oriented-computer-accounting-training
November 17, 2008 at 6:46 am · Filed under Accounting Training
Now that you have your own home based business and whether or not you have already received any income, it is absolutely essential that you keep a record of all your expenses. If there’s one thing more annoying than record keeping, it’s paying unnecessary taxes because you didn’t keep a proper record of your expenses.
What are expenses? Any money that you spend with the intention of earning income for your home based business may be considered to be an expense for your business. So go back to the date upon which you either set up your home based business or started your business and find all the receipts that show that you spent money for your business. If you cannot find receipts for some of the money you have spent then make a note of what the expense was for, to whom it was paid and the amount. You will find it easier to have a separate piece of paper for each expense.
From now on, ALWAYS get a receipt when you are spending money on your home based business, even if it is only for a cup of coffee. If you use a credit card and cannot find the credit card receipt, keep a copy of the credit card statement and highlight the entry.
I suggest that you obtain some file folders and label one for each month. Keep your receipts for each month in the correct file folder. Alternately, you may wish to keep a record of your expenses by category. This may simplify completion of your Income Tax Return for your Home Based Business at the Taxation Year End.
A suggestion of the categories required are as follows:
If you are purchasing product for resale: Invoices for all purchases of products, including shipping costs. This will enable you to establish Cost of Goods Sold. We will cover these calculations in a later issue.
Period End Inventory. (You will need to count the stock that you have in hand at Year End). This means your Taxation Year End. Remember it may be possible that your home based business has a different taxation year end than you have personally.
Value Added Tax Records such as VAT or GST if required.
Advertising costs,
Business Taxes,
Business Licenses & Fees,
Business Dues and Subscriptions,
Business Meals & Entertainment Costs,
Business Memberships,
Fuel Costs (Except for Motor Vehicles) Motor Vehicle costs will be covered in a later issue.
Home Entertainment,
Home Office Expenses,
Insurance,
Interest,
Repairs & Maintenance,
Management & Administration Fees,
Motor Vehicle Expenses. These will be covered in more detail in a later issue.
Supplies,
Legal Accounting & Professional Fees,
Real Estate Taxes,
Rent,
Salaries, Wages & Benefits,
Travel Costs,
Telephone & Utilities,
Training Courses / Seminars / Meetings,
While this list is not exhaustive, it does cover the main areas of permitted costs. Most Tax authorities will not allow costs to be expensed for individual items purchased in excess of a certain dollar value (say $1000.00), they insist that the items be capitalised and then depreciated over a number of future years. You will need to find out from your tax advisor or the Tax authorities what these limits are and what the depreciation charges are that they will allow. Every country has wide ranging and differing rules in this respect. You will also need to maintain records of such capital costs that you might incur.
These will normally be for such items as:
Automobiles,
Office Furniture,
Office Equipment,
Computers, Printers and Peripherals,
We will go into more detail on Capital items in a later issue.
Taxation legislation differs between countries and each country may change their rules at any time. The information provided in these newsletters is accurate at time of publication. You should however seek specific information from your Tax Advisor or Taxation Department as it relates to your own situation each year that you are required to provide Income and Expense Statements.
Other topics in this series are as follows:
Number 1, Record Keeping,
Number 3, Purchase of Goods for Resale,
Number 4, Deductions for Use of Home Office,
Number 5, Home Entertainment Costs,
Number 6, Motor Vehicle Expenses,
Number 7, Depreciation Costs,
Number 8, Business Meals,
Number 9, Salary Payments to Children,
Number 10, Travel Expenses,
Number 11, Demonstrators Samples & Promotional Tools,
Number 12, Gifts,
Number 13, Here Comes the Tax Man,
Number 14, Capital Items,
John Ritchie, A.I.B., A.I.C.B, F.I.C.B, e.mail:brlynt@gmail.com
Copyright to this article belongs to John Ritchie. http://www.johnritchieonline.com and brlynt@gmail.com
You may download and distribute this article freely and without restrictions. You must not, however, delete the resource box link.
http://itravelblogger.com/training-for-success-with-your-internet-business-article-2-general-expenses/
November 10, 2008 at 7:43 am · Filed under Accounting Training
The following is an excerpt of THE SECRET TO GE’s SUCCESS, which appeared Express Computer , in India’s leading IT weekly business
Manage-Wise
The training ground
Many electric utility executives, engineers, and professionals were graduates of GE’s test and management programs. Since GE kept only a percentage of the trainees, the company encouraged those who didn’t make the GE team to work for the electric utilities. This cultivated strong bonds between “GE alumni” and the company.
These mutually beneficial relationships between manufacturers and their customers were very common and were practiced in all major industries. It was the personality and skills of Coffin and his team, however, that made GE even more successful.
Coffin recognized the need to hire the best people and keep them loyal. He instituted several major training programs that still exist today, and he hired qualified people regardless of their race, religion, or politics.
Building a bench
From its inception to the present, GE has had a strong farm system organization. The company has always believed in the concept of recruiting young, retaining the best, and building from within.
Coffin and his management team recognized early that it was very important to recruit talented individuals early in their careers and then provide the training and work assignments to enhance their skills and company loyalty.
In 1901, GE established apprentice programs in Schenectady, Lynn, Bridgeport, and Fort Wayne, which were the major manufacturing locations. A combination of work assignments and evening classes were developed in four areas: machinist, draftsman, blacksmith, and moulder. Upon completion of a course, the graduates were awarded a “Certificate of apprenticeship.” This program was one of the key programs in the company until the 1950s. There were ties to local universities so that the apprentices also could work on getting engineering and technical degrees.
Coffin knew that the company needed competent, GE-trained and GE-loyal engineering staff, so he created the Engineering Test Program. This program was an entry-level program for all engineering recruits. The trainees were assigned to specific “testing” operations in the product departments, as well as the General Engineering Laboratory. Some were sent to the Corporate Research and Development Center.
Coffin also recognized the need to hire talented nontechnical college graduates, so he established the Business Training Course (BTC). The college recruits were given a variety of financial assignments, and they were required to take very intensive accounting and financial courses two nights a week. The trainees had to take weekend exams, and they were given grades as though they were in college.
Grades and work appraisals were used to determine who would be promoted. The best graduates were assigned to the Auditing Staff, enabling them to learn about the various company operations and enhance their ability to lead in these businesses. Graduates of the Auditing Staff became the financial linchpins, and often the general managers, of the company’s business units.
A personal recount
This is the program that I joined in 1955. I was a Fordham University Russian Language and area studies major, and I had never had an accounting course in my life. I soon found that I was not alone. More than half the BTC enrollees were liberal arts majors. GE believed it was the trainee’s ability, rather than his or her undergraduate major, that mattered.
All of the GE training programs had six common characteristics:
The programs recruited from the best technical high school, colleges, and universities. The apprentices were recruited from the best high schools; the engineering and BTC program candidates came from the best colleges and universities. The recruiters’ focus was on the candidates’ ability to learn, not just on their experience. This candidates’ selection process resulted in programs being filled with excellent and committed students. It also resulted in strong relationships between GE and the best high schools, colleges, and universities.
The GE training focused on the GE Way of doing things. Even if you were a skilled engineer or accountant, you often had to forget what you had learned in school and relearn the GE Way. Some of the trainees found this difficult, so it was often easier for GE to hire those with less education in an area and train them than it was for GE to convert those who already believed they knew how to do it. (My lack of previous accounting knowledge made it easier for me to learn the GE Way, in contrast to those participants who already had accounting degrees and had to “unlearn” what they already knew and then relearn the GE Way.)
The program trainers assigned challenging work. All of the programs used work assignments that were designed to help the participants practice what they were taught. GE was able to develop such challenging teaching materials because the program administrators assigned a “mentor” and “counselor” to each student to help him or her learn and adapt.
The programs included tests and work appraisals. The BTC, for instance, had Saturday morning examinations at the end of each course, and these three to four hour exams were as rigorous as any college or university exam. Numeric grades were given and posted for all to see, just as they would have been in college. (I was amazed at having to take exams and get grades. I was equally amazed at how competitive the program was.)
Breeding the best
Up or out. Throughout its history one of GE’s strengths has been its willingness to focus on the best and “prune” those not making the grade. So too did the company let go of those students in its training programs who couldn’t get the grades GE was looking for. The company used a combination of exams and work assignment appraisals to determine whether a trainee would (a) continue in the program, (b) be asked to leave the program but be allowed to stay with the company, or (c) be asked to leave the company outright.
GE gave certificates, not advanced degrees. Though the GE training programs were intensive and demanding, the graduates received only a GE certificate and not an advanced degree. This was done to ensure that the graduates stayed with GE and were less marketable on the open market.
Excerpt from ‘The Secret to GE’s Success’ by William E Rothschild. Reproduced with permission © 2008, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Price: Rs 595. Vishwanath_Ghanekar@mcgraw-hill.com
http://gewatcher.blogspot.com/2008/11/training-ground.html
November 8, 2008 at 1:32 am · Filed under Accounting Training
Network Access Server A network access server is 70-291 a server that functions as a gateway to a network for remote clients. Routing and Remote Access service can be used to configure a Windows Server 2003 server as a remote access server, which will enable remote clients to create dialup connections, or as a VPN server.
Remote access MCDBA servers authenticate clients as they attempt to connect, or a centralized authentication server may be configured if there is a need for multiple remote access servers. IAS Server, which is Microsoft’s implementation of RADIUS, is such a server.
RADIUS is covered in Lesson 3. In configuring your remote access server, you are able to:
Restrict remote clients’ access to only the remote access 70-649 server or to the entire network.
With this option, you can allow certain users to access only what is on the remote access server. For example, you can have job announcements listed in a shared folder located on the remote access server that you want potential employees outside of your organization to have access to. However, you do not want these users to be able to access any other resources located on other servers on your network. By 70-297 restricting users to only the remote access server, you have less chance of an attacker penetrating your local area network.
Choose the authentication methods that will be used by the server. Authentication is the validation of a user’s credentials when he or she attempts to log on to the remote access server. In other words: “Are you who you say you are? Does your password match the one in my database?” A good analogy is the situation of an out-of-towner trying to pay a bill in a fancy restaurant with a personal check. The waiter or manager of the restaurant needs to 70-291 authenticate the person writing the check, usually by asking for two forms of a picture ID (credentials).
Authentication should not be confused with authorization. Authorization is the verification of the user’s right to be where he or she is. That is: “Yes, you are who you say you are (authentication), but you are not allowed access (authorized) to the CEO’s bank account records.” Authorization occurs after a user has logged on and has been authenticated.
Configure Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) options. Point-to-Point Protocol is an industry-standard protocol that replaced Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) because of SLIP’s limitation of only 70-646 supporting Internet Protocol (IP). PPP works with multiple protocols and also has better security features, such as encryption, mutual authentication, callback, and caller-ID.
Configure event-logging preferences. A network access server supports three types of logging:
Event logging, which is the recording of events in the system event log. There are four levels of event logging available:
Log errors only Log errors and warnings (the default) Log the maximum amount of information Disable event logging Local Authentication and accounting logging, which enables you to track remote access usage and authentication-attempt information.
RADIUS-based authentication and 70-270 account logging, which enables you to track remote access usage and authentication attempts from multiple remote access servers. RADIUS is a centralized auditing- and accounting-based server usually used by most Internet Service Providers.
Authentication Methods for Remote Access After the remote client, remote server, and network infrastructure are configured, a method must be implemented to authenticate the clients who will be connecting to the remote access server and gaining access to your company’s network resources. After all, you do not want unauthorized access to your company’s resources to occur onyour network. Table 10-3 illustrates the various methods of 70-294 authentication available for
remote access clients, including wireless access clients.
http://latoniakate.123log.de/2008/11/07/pass4sure-70-294-exam-question-training/
